# The Science & Conservation Center

> The Science & Conservation Center (SCC, sccpzp.org) is an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit in Billings, Montana — located in a secured area on the grounds of ZooMontana — and the world's foremost facility dedicated to research, development, distribution, and field-based application training for the humane control of wildlife populations through fertility control. The SCC produces, distributes and oversees quality control for the wildlife contraceptive vaccine PZP Immunocontraception (registered as ZonaStat; ZonaStat-H is EPA reg. no. 86833-1), is the repository for all PZP contraceptive records and data required by the FDA and EPA, and runs the required three-day PZP applicator training and certification course. Phone +1 (406) 652-9718 · contact@sccpzp.org.

## Identity & Contact
- Names: The Science & Conservation Center; The Science and Conservation Center; SCC.
- Type: independent non-profit organization (501(c)(3)); wildlife fertility research facility. The training page states that the facility was built in 1998 on the ZooMontana grounds and became a non-profit organization in 2001; the About page's history timeline gives different years, so an authoritative founding date is not asserted here.
- Tagline: Leading Research, Training & Distribution of PZP Immunocontraception.
- Address: ZooMontana, 2100 S. Shiloh Road, Billings, Montana 59106, USA.
- Phone: +1 (406) 652-9718 · Fax: (406) 652-9733 · Email: contact@sccpzp.org.
- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/scienceandconservation/
- Time zone: America/Denver (Mountain Time).
- Newsletter: the SCC sends email updates, quarterly newsletters and Annual Reports to subscribers who complete the "Get Connected" form.
- Careers: https://www.sccpzp.org/careers-and-internships/ (the page lists current job openings; at last update all jobs were filled).
- Donations: https://www.sccpzp.org/donate/ — financial contributions support the development of humane wildlife contraceptives and methods of application.

## Mission and What the SCC Does
The SCC plays an important role in the humane control of wildlife populations by means of fertility control in the United States and around the world, as an alternative to lethal wildlife control methods. It achieves this mission through:
- Immunocontraceptive research & development
- PZP vaccine production & distribution
- Serving as the repository for all records and data required by the Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency
- Training and certification for field-based application of contraception to wildlife populations, including wild horse populations
- Conducting research for, and working with, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center at the St. Louis Zoo
The SCC works with wildlife and wild horse conservation groups, zoos, landowners, government agencies, ranchers, sanctuaries, and field volunteers. Education is a core tenet. SCC researchers coordinate with wildlife groups to provide training and perform field-based application training of contraception to wildlife populations.

## Affiliations and Memberships
- Partner: The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) — https://www.aza.org/
- Member: Association of Zoos and Aquariums Reproductive Management Center — https://www.aza.org/reproductive-management-center?locale=en (the SCC is affiliated with the AZA Reproductive Management Center at the St. Louis Zoo)
- Member: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) Reproductive Management Group — https://eazarmg.org/
- Host site: ZooMontana (https://www.zoomontana.org/), a 70-acre zoological/botanical garden, accredited arboretum and educational facility dedicated to the conservation of wildlife throughout Montana and the 45th parallel, home to over 100 animals of 56 species.
- Website maintained by Rebel River Creative (https://www.rebelrivercreative.com/).

## Products: PZP Vaccine and PZP-22
Knowledge center: https://www.sccpzp.org/pzp-vaccine-knowledge-center/ · Ordering: https://www.sccpzp.org/request-pzp-vaccine/

### PZP Immunocontraceptive Vaccine (ZonaStat-H)
- Derived from the zona pellucida (ZP) protein of porcine ova; the glycoprotein ZP3 is the sperm receptor. The extracted glycoproteins are converted into a vaccine and emulsified with an adjuvant. Injected into the muscle of a target female, it stimulates antibodies that attach to the ZP of her own eggs, distorting their shape and blocking fertilization. Immunological memory allows booster inoculations to re-block fertilization in successive treatments.
- Schedule: usually a series of 2 vaccinations 2-6 weeks apart, then a booster every 8-12 months depending on species.
- Delivery protocol: initial treatment should be consistent with the species' seasonal reproduction pattern. For species with a short (2-3 months or less) breeding season, a minimum of two inoculations in the first year; the primer can be given any time of year but the second must be given 1-2 months prior to breeding activity and no sooner than 2 weeks after the primer. Single annual boosters may be given in subsequent years in some species; in year-round breeders boosters should be given every seven to eight months (Frank et al. 2005). Standard dose: 100 µg of PZP antigen in phosphate buffered saline or sterile water (may be adjusted downward for some species).
- Characteristics: 90% or greater efficacy; able to deliver remotely with small darts; animals regain fertility after discontinued use; safe to give to pregnant and lactating animals; no debilitating health side effects even after long-term use; vaccine cannot pass through the food chain; almost no effects on social behaviors; low cost; in use for 35 years (as stated on the site); effective across many species.
- Characteristics of the ideal wildlife contraceptive (the SCC's benchmark): minimum 90% efficacy; remote delivery with no animal handling; reversible; safe in pregnant animals; no significant short- or long-term health side effects; no passage through the food chain; minimal effects on individual and social behaviors; low cost.
- Regulatory: PZP (ZonaStat-H) is federally approved, EPA reg. no. 86833-1. Individuals are required to undergo training and certification through the SCC prior to receiving or applying the PZP vaccine to equids or urban deer. ZonaStat-D is also referenced as a native PZP vaccine.
- Shipping: packed on ice and shipped via Federal Express; must be kept frozen until use (ultra-low temperature freezers not necessary); 100µg doses in 1.5 ml plastic microvials; adjuvants must remain refrigerated. International shipments: PZP is available lyophilized (rehydrate with 0.5ml sterile water); an import permit must be obtained prior to shipping PZP internationally.
- Cost: $38 USD per dose. Organizations with non-profit status may be eligible for a discount.
- Ordering: Zoo Animal Order Form (https://www.sccpzp.org/zoo-order-form/) via the Zoo Dashboard (https://www.sccpzp.org/zoo-dashboard/ — login required); non-zoo projects (wild horse and wildlife order forms at https://www.sccpzp.org/non-zoo-order-form/) must be approved by the SCC. Zoo orders include PZP doses, Freund's Modified Adjuvant (10ml, first dose only), Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (10ml, subsequent doses) and glass mixing syringes. If a contracepted zoo animal dies, the AZA Reproductive Management Center Pathology form must be completed and sent to the AZA RMC Pathology Team. Those interested in a non-captive wildlife project should contact the SCC; agencies in your state or country may need to be contacted before starting a fertility control project.
- Documents: PZP Vaccine Technical Data (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PZPspecs.pdf); PZP Immunocontraception Protocol (https://www.sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Protocol.pdf); SCC PZP Vaccine Protocol for zoos, 2026 (https://www.sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Zoo-Protocol-2026.pdf); PZP Vaccine FAQ (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SCC_FAQ.pdf); Preparation for Darts / Injection Syringe (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PZP_Mixing.pdf). PZP Training Course Literature (https://www.sccpzp.org/certified/) is password-protected and available only to Certified PZP Applicators.

### PZP-22 Long-Acting Vaccine
- One liquid emulsion dose of native PZP (ZonaStat-H) with adjuvant plus three timed-release biodegradable pellets (adjuvant QA-21) releasing PZP at 1, 3 and 12 months, deliverable in a single shot by hand injection or field dart (dart with internal trocar and plunger and 2-3 side-port needle). Field tested with wild horse mares and deer; remotely delivered to horses in Sand Wash Basin, CO and Jarita Mesa, NM and deer in Hastings-on-Hudson, NY.
- Recommended protocol: initial PZP-22 dose immediately prior to breeding season (for horses, December-March), then a ZonaStat-H booster no earlier than 2 years later; this offers at least 5-6 years of effective contraception over a 7-year period (Rutberg et al. 2017, Carey et al. 2019, Grams et al. 2022).
- Reported efficacy: the delivery section reports 75% efficacy the first year and 40% the second year after a single injection (Rutberg et al. 2017, Turner et al. 2008), with a single PZP booster 2-3 years later reducing fertility by 66-90% for three or more additional years; the FAQ reports Clan Alpine HMA trial figures of 90% in Year One and 75% in Year Two. These are different trial contexts and should not be combined into one figure.
- Licensing (PZP-22): the site states that, in addition to SCC applicator training, a pesticide applicator's license through the state agency that represents the EPA (in Montana, the Montana Department of Agriculture) is required prior to receiving shipments of, or applying, the PZP-22 vaccine to wild equids.
- EPA registration: in progress in collaboration with Humane World for Animals (previously the Humane Society of the United States); anticipated around the middle of 2028, subject to change. For registration updates contact Dr. Melissa Esser (contact@sccpzp.org, +1 (406) 652-9718). Previously PZP-trained applicators can contact Kayla Grams (contact@sccpzp.org) about an add-on PZP-22 training.
- Information sheet: https://www.sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/PZP-22-Information-for-PDF-download-26.pdf

## FAQ (from the PZP Vaccine Knowledge Center)
**Q: What Is the Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) Vaccine and How Does It Work?**
A: A non-cellular membrane known as the zona pellucida (ZP) surrounds all mammalian eggs. The ZP consists of several glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrates attached), one of which, ZP3, is the sperm receptor (the molecule which permits attachment of the sperm to the egg during the process of fertilization). The PZP (Porcine Zona Pellucida) vaccine is derived from the ZP protein from porcine ova. PZP is produced by a complex process whereby the ZP is removed from the ovum, the glycoproteins are extracted, isolated, and converted into a vaccine. The PZP is emulsified with an adjuvant which stimulates the animals' immune system. When this vaccine is injected into the muscle of the target female animal, it stimulates her immune system to produce antibodies against the vaccine. These antibodies also attach to the zona pellucida (sperm receptor) of the female's own eggs, distorting their shape and thereby blocking fertilization. In this adaptive system, immunological memory is developed which allows booster inoculations to incite a vigorous reaction and activate an immune response that blocks fertilization again in successive treatments. The PZP vaccine is usually given in a series of 2 vaccinations, 2-6 weeks apart, and then a booster every 8-12 months, depending on the species.

**Q: What is PZP-22 and How is it Different?**
A: PZP-22 is a long-acting formulation of PZP vaccine and includes a liquid emulsion dose of native PZP vaccine with an adjuvant (to stimulate a strong immune response), with three small slow-release pellets that can be given in a single shot. The liquid emulsion dose of PZP included in PZP-22 acts as a primer vaccine and the timed-release PZP pellets are designed to release PZP at 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months, simulating booster vaccines and eliminating the need for someone to give boosters at two weeks and then again yearly (as is required with ZonaStat-H). Consequently, the term PZP-22 includes the timed-release PZP pellets and the liquid emulsion dose of native PZP (ZonaStat-H).

**Q: When will PZP-22 become registered with the EPA?**
A: We are currently in the process of putting together the information necessary for the application package for EPA registration. Based on our current timeframe, we anticipate registration status around the middle of 2028. However, these dates are subject to change.

**Q: Can PZP-22 be field darted?**
A: Yes, PZP-22 has been successfully delivered remotely (via dart projector) to horses in Sand Wash Basin, CO and Jarita Mesa, NM along with deer in Hastings-on-Hudson, NY. PZP-22 utilizes a unique dart equipped with an internal trocar and plunger that pushes the small pellets and liquid dose of native PZP into the muscle of the target animal.

**Q: Do I need to use a second dose of PZP-22 as the booster?**
A: No, research in the Cedar Mountains, UT and Sand Wash Basin, CO demonstrated that boosting horses that received PZP-22 with native PZP vaccine yielded similar results as a booster with PZP-22. So, an initial treatment of PZP-22 (including the liquid emulsion native PZP vaccine) followed by a native PZP (ZonaStat-H) booster 2-3 years later offers at least 5-6 years of effective contraception over a 7-year period.

**Q: How long does PZP-22 last?**
A: Initial field trials of PZP-22 in wild horses at Clan Alpine HMA showed fertility reductions of 90% in Year One, 75% in Year Two, and a full return to fertility in Year Four after one single dose of PZP-22. Follow up trials in Utah and Colorado yielded more variable fertility reduction after a single dose of PZP-22, however after administration of a single booster dose 2-3 years after initial treatment reduces fertility by 60-90% for three or more additional years which offers at least 5-6 years of effective contraception over a 7-year period.

**Q: When does the booster need to be given after the first dose of PZP-22?**
A: Based on research in Sand Wash Basin, CO and Cedar Mountains, UT boosters were administered at 2 years (Sand Wash Basin) and slightly more than 3 years in Utah. Therefore, our current protocol recommendations are to administer the booster no sooner than 2 years after the initial dose of PZP-22. However, as more data becomes available these recommendations may expand.

**Q: What time of the year should PZP-22 be given?**
A: Research findings highlight the importance of appropriate timing of the initial dose of PZP-22 on fertility reduction. Therefore, consistent with native PZP vaccine (ZonaStat-H) protocols, the initial treatment should be administered immediately prior to the breeding season (in seasonally breeding animals). For horses, this ideal contraception window is December-March.

**Q: How do I learn how to administer PZP-22?**
A: As with native PZP, applicator training through the Science and Conservation Center is required. This three-day hands-on contraceptive certification is typically offered monthly March-October. Please see the training calendar and training application for more information. If you have previously received the training for PZP, please contact Kayla Grams (contact@sccpzp.org) to discuss an add-on training specific for PZP-22.

**Q: How do I order PZP-22?**
A: Upon EPA Registration, if ordering from within the U.S., you may order PZP-22 through the website (www.sccpzp.org), phoning +1 (406) 652-9718 or emailing contact@sccpzp.org. For international orders please contact Kim Frank or Dr. Melissa Esser for shipping information. We recommend consultation with the SCC to discuss the best protocol for your situation.

## Training: PZP Field Application Training and Certification
https://www.sccpzp.org/field-application-training-and-certification/ · Application: https://www.sccpzp.org/field-application-training-and-certification/training-application/ · 2026 dates: https://www.sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Training_Dates_2026_Revised.pdf
- Required for anyone receiving or applying PZP to equids or urban deer. Equine contraceptive certification is offered at various times throughout the year (typically monthly, March-October).
- Format: 3 days at the SCC campus (secured section of the ZooMontana grounds), 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, educational plus hands-on training. Participants are certified to apply PZP in the field and equipped to explain PZP science to supporters, critics, the public and the press.
- Day one: an SCC trainer meets participants in the lobby of the Big Horn Resort at 8:45 AM to escort them to the facility; afterwards participants receive a secure entry code.
- Prerequisite: learn how to handle a scoped rifle in advance (you do not have to shoot it, but comfort with a scoped rifle is strongly advised).
- Supplies: each participant receives a training manual and all necessary vaccine mixing equipment; air travelers should plan alternate arrangements for transporting the mixing equipment.
- Cost: $350.00; $150.00 deposit with registration (an invoice is emailed once the application is received); balance due before the first day. Full refund for cancellations more than 30 days in advance; no refunds less than 30 days in advance.
- Class auditing (classroom instruction only, no hands-on field training): $150.00 — e.g. members of the press or upper-level administrators contemplating the science.
- Nearby accommodations (within one mile of the SCC):
- Big Horn Resort — (406) 839-9300 — 1801 Majestic Lane, Billings — Complimentary Breakfast
- Holiday Inn Express & Suites — (406) 652-0111 — 3431 Ember Lane, Billings — Complimentary Continental Breakfast
- Homewood Suites by Hilton — (406) 656-0525 — 3420 Ember Lane, Billings — Complimentary Hot Breakfast
- Hampton Inn and Suites — (406) 656-7511 — 3550 Ember Lane, Billings — Complimentary Breakfast

## Team
Leadership (https://www.sccpzp.org/about-us/):
- Kimberly (Kim) Frank — Executive Director. B.S. Business Administration, Montana State University-Billings (1992). Joined the SCC in 1993 as a volunteer, then conservation biologist; executive director since 2016. Directs the captive animal fertility control program (North America to Australia) and maintains the wildlife contraceptive database. Member of the AZA, the AZA Reproductive Management Center Advisory Board, and the EAZA Reproductive Management Group. Senior author or co-author on eight scientific papers or book chapters.
- Kayla Grams — Senior Biologist (joined 2017). Oversees the training program, lab work and data collection management; works with the ZooMontana Dart Team on capture immobilization; extensive field experience administering PZP (ZonaStat-H) and PZP-22 to wild horse herds and urban deer; has trained applicators across the U.S. and other countries; author/co-author of several scientific papers.
- Melissa Esser, DVM, MS — Science Liaison (joined 2024). Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (board certified 2015); DVM 2008; M.S. veterinary science 2013. Early field work on PZP in the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range and Little Bookcliffs Wild Horse HMA. Member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.
- Holly Sessoms — Development Coordinator (joined 2024). Manages fundraising and outreach. B.S. Range and Watershed Management (University of Wyoming); M.S. Land Resources and Environmental Sciences (Montana State University); former environmental consultant and MSU researcher; non-profit program/fundraising management since 2018.
- Anna Hoover — Laboratory Technician (joined 2025). B.S. Zoology, Washington State University (2016). Produces and ensures quality PZP vaccines used in wildlife conservation and zoo population management.

Board of Directors: Allen Rutberg, Celeste Carlisle, Nina Eydelman, Claire Oakley, Jack Nickels, Jessica Hart, Melanie Schwarz; Emeritus: Dave Pauli, Fred Deigert, Laurence Martin.

Founding science: Dr. Jay Kirkpatrick, Ph.D. (thought leader and visionary; Conservation Biologist for ZooMontana) and Dr. John Turner are credited with developing the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccine. In 1971 Bureau of Land Management officials asked Dr. Kirkpatrick whether wild horses could be prevented from reproducing; a critic of wild horse roundups, he became an advocate for a humane method of wildlife population control.

## Projects Worldwide
The SCC's interactive map shows the international reach of wildlife contraceptive PZP vaccine distribution by the SCC and other organizations:
- African Elephants — South Africa (performed by the Humane Society International and Global Supplies)
- White Tailed Deer — United States
- Wild Horse Herds — Maryland and Virginia
- Feral Burros — Black Mountain, Kingman AZ
- Bison — Catalina Island, CA
- Elk — Point Reyes National Seashore, California
- Przewalski Horses — Hortobagy National Park, Hungary
- Danube Delta Horses — Romania
The SCC has applied this technology to the management of wildlife including wild horse and urban deer populations across the United States and the world, and PZP is used in zoo animals across the United States and worldwide. Kimberly Frank's fertility control work has spanned North America, Europe, South Africa and Australia.

## History Milestones (Wildlife Fertility Education page)
Since 1998 the SCC has been the world's leader in the research and development of wildlife contraceptives and methods of application. Milestones listed on the site (see the page for the timeline): immunocontraception approach to wildlife contraception launched; PZP shown to block pregnancies in captive white-tailed deer; successful use of PZP in more than 12 zoos and 80 animals; National Institute of Standards and Technology campus deer project; African Elephant Project, Kruger National Park, South Africa; wild horse population of Assateague Island National Seashore began PZP immunocontraception (1988); "Gold Standard" evaluation of potential wildlife fertility control methods developed; Fire Island National Seashore deer project; feral burros project, Virgin Islands National Park; SCC facility completed on ZooMontana grounds; elk project, Point Reyes National Seashore, California; became a 501(c)(3) non-profit. Wildlife fertility research began with Eastern Montana College and the Deaconess Research Institute.
History resources: Wildlife Fertility Control: Fact & Fancy (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SCC_Fertility_Control_Brochure_1_.pdf); Free-ranging African Elephant Immunocontraception (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/elephant-booklet.pdf); History of the Science of Wildlife Fertility Control: Reflections of a 25-year international conference series (https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/A-BRIEF-HISTORY-OF-THE-SCIENCE-OF-FERTILITY-CONTROL-IN-WILDLIFE_02-28-2024_kf.pdf).

## Upcoming Events (listed on the About page)
- Association of Zoos and Aquariums Conference 2026 — September 26 – October 1, 2026, Portland, Oregon (https://www.aza.org/calendar/event/3966588).
- Free Roaming Equids and Ecosystem Sustainability Network (FREES) Summit 2026 — "Trade-offs in Free-Roaming Equid Management: Ecology, Economics, and Ethics" — October 5 – 8, 2026, Boise, Idaho (https://extension.usu.edu/freesnetwork/).

## Research and Scholarly Papers
https://www.sccpzp.org/research-and-scholarly-papers/
Foundational documents and scientific articles featured on the page:
- [Immunocontraceptive Reproductive Control Utilizing Porcine Zona Pellucida (PZP) in Federal Wild Horse Populations (Fourth Edition), 2012, Jay F. Kirkpatrick](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/PZP-QA-June-6-2012.pdf)
- [Free-Ranging African Elephant Immunocontraception: A New Paradigm for Elephant Management](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/elephant-booklet.pdf)
- [Wildlife Fertility Control, A publication of The Science & Conservation Center](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/SCC_Fertility_Control_Brochure_1_.pdf)
- [2017 Contraceptive efficacy of boosting and priming doses](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2017_-Contraceptive-efficacy-of-boosting-and-priming-doses.pdf)
- [The History of Wildlife Fertility Control: From Steroids to Immunocontraception](https://www.sccpzp.org/2015_history-of-the-science-of-wildlife-fertility-control/)
- [2013 Lack of spatial and behavioral responses to immunocontraception African elephants](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2013_Lack-of-spatial-and-behavioral-responses-to-immunocontraception-African-elephants.pdf)
- [2013 Immunocontraception of captive exotic species prolonged antibody titers in dall sheep & goats](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2013_Immunocontraception-of-captive-exotic-species-prolonged-antibody-titers-in-dall-sheep-goats.pdf)
- [2012 PZP Immunocontraception of African elephants](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2012_PZP-Immunocontraception-of-African-elephants.pdf)
- [2011 Fertility control & African elephants](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2011_Fertility-control-African-elephants.pdf)
- [2011 Contraception – from Equine reproduction 2nd ed](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2011_Contraception-from-Equine-reproduction-2nd-ed.pdf)
- [2010 The North American wild horse a reintroduced native wild species](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2010_The-North-American-wild-horse-a-reintroduced-native-wild-species.pdf)
- [2009 Practical side of immunocontraception zona proteins & wildlife](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2009_Practical-side-of-immunocontraception-zona-proteins-wildlife.pdf)
- [2009 Immunocontrol of elephants, South Africa](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2009_immunocontrol_elephants_southafrica.pdf)
- [2008 Ecce equus – from Natural History](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2008_Ecce-equus-from-Natural-History.pdf)
- [2008 Achieving population goals in a long lived wildlife species with contraception](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2008_Achieving-population-goals-in-a-long-lived-wildlife-species-with-contraception.pdf)
- [2007 Measuring the effects of wildlife contraception – apples and oranges](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2007_Measuring-the-effects-of-wildlife-contraception-apples-and-oranges.pdf)
- [2007 Implementing immunocontraception in elephants at Makalali conservancy](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2007_Implementing-immunocontraception-in-elephants-at-Makalali-conservancy.pdf)
- [2007 Immunocontraception and increased longevity in equids](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2007_Immunocontraception-and-increased-logevity-in-equids.pdf)
- [2006 Regulation of African elephant population Makalali Conservancy](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2006_Regulation-of-African-elephant-population-Makalali-Conservancy.pdf)
- [2005 Wild horse fertility control program – from Humane wildlife solutions](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2005_Wild-horse-fertility-control-program-from-Humane-wildlife-solutions.pdf)
- [2005 The elusive promise of wildlife contraception a personal perspective](https://sccpzp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/2005_The-elusive-promise-of-wildlife-contraception-a-personal-perspective.pdf)

## Articles and Resources
The site also lists more than 100 research posts (categorized "Scientific Papers" and "foundational research documents") whose titles span 1979 to 2017 and cover feral horse reproductive biology, PZP immunocontraception in wild horses, white-tailed deer, bison, elk, burros, African elephants and captive exotic species, fecal/urinary steroid monitoring, and the history of wildlife fertility control. Most are linked as PDFs hosted on the site; start at the Research and Scholarly Papers page above.

## Source Pages
- [Homepage](https://www.sccpzp.org/): overview of the SCC's research, training and PZP distribution, projects worldwide map, AZA Reproductive Management Center affiliation, and links to ordering, knowledge center, education and training.
- [About Us](https://www.sccpzp.org/about-us/): mission and priorities, history milestones, leadership bios, board of directors, media center and upcoming events.
- [Contact](https://www.sccpzp.org/contact/): contact form, phone, fax, email and the Billings, Montana address at ZooMontana.
- [PZP Vaccine Knowledge Center](https://www.sccpzp.org/pzp-vaccine-knowledge-center/): how PZP works, ideal-contraceptive characteristics, delivery protocol, PZP-22 details, EPA status and FAQ.
- [Request PZP Vaccine](https://www.sccpzp.org/request-pzp-vaccine/): shipping/storage requirements, $38 per dose cost, zoo and non-zoo order forms, preparation instructions and training links.
- [PZP Field Application Training and Certification](https://www.sccpzp.org/field-application-training-and-certification/): 3-day certification course details, cost, refund policy, auditing, prerequisites, schedule and nearby hotels.
- [Training and Certification Application](https://www.sccpzp.org/field-application-training-and-certification/training-application/): application form for PZP vaccine training with preferred dates, deposit and payment terms.
- [Wildlife Fertility Education](https://www.sccpzp.org/wildlife-fertility-education/): SCC history since 1998, Dr. Jay Kirkpatrick and Dr. John Turner, PZP development timeline and educational publications.
- [Research and Scholarly Papers](https://www.sccpzp.org/research-and-scholarly-papers/): foundational research documents and scientific articles on PZP immunocontraception.
- [Careers and Internships](https://www.sccpzp.org/careers-and-internships/): current job openings at the SCC.
- [Donate](https://www.sccpzp.org/donate/): donation page supporting humane wildlife contraceptive development.
- [Donation Form](https://www.sccpzp.org/donations/donation-form/): online donation form; also lists the SCC address, AZA/EAZA affiliations and site navigation.
- [Zoo Order Form](https://www.sccpzp.org/zoo-order-form/): PZP order form for zoos (doses, adjuvants, syringes, animal records).
- [Non-Zoo Animal Order Form](https://www.sccpzp.org/non-zoo-order-form/): order form for approved wild horse and wildlife projects (login required).
- [Zoo Dashboard](https://www.sccpzp.org/zoo-dashboard/): login-protected dashboard for ordering and data management.
- [Annual Immunocontraception Data Sheet](https://www.sccpzp.org/annual-immunocontraception-data-sheet/): login-protected annual data reporting form for zoos.
- [PZP Training Course Literature](https://www.sccpzp.org/certified/): password-protected course literature for Certified PZP Applicators.
- [The History of Wildlife Fertility Control: From Steroids to Immunocontraception](https://www.sccpzp.org/2015_history-of-the-science-of-wildlife-fertility-control/): listed history resource; the site's excerpt describes wildlife fertility control emerging in the mid-20th century as an alternative to lethal wildlife management methods.

_Facts likely to change over time: training dates and pricing, vaccine price and discounts, PZP-22 EPA registration status and timing, staff and board membership, job openings, and event listings. Check the pages above for the current version._